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		<h1>Cách thiết kế một chương trình trò chơi trong pascal</h1>
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			Lập trình Pascal để thể hiện một trò chơi là một vấn đề thú vị và tinh tế. Thông thường ta chú ý đến các yếu tố sau đây trong một trò chơi.
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			<i>a) Input</i><br />
- Luật chơi<br />
- Cách kết thúc trò chơi (thắng, thua, hòa)<br />
- Trạng thái ban đầu.<br />
- Ai đi trước (Đối với trò chơi 2 người).<br />
<i>b) Quá trình chơi</i><br />
- Người đi;<br />
- Máy đi;<br />
- Lặp lại cho đến khi kết thúc;<br />
- Thông báo kết thúc.<br />
Thông thường ta điều khiển trò chơi bằng các biến Boolean sau:<br />
• Computer = True: máy đi<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = False: người đi<br />
• Stop<br />
Với module tổng thể của chương trình, trò chơi là:<br />
Repeat<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if computer then computerplay<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else humanplay;<br />
until stop;<br />
<br />
<b>* VÍ DỤ</b><br />
<b><i>a) BÀI 1</i></b><br />
Trên một bàn cờ kích thước m x n có đặt một quân hậu ở góc trên cùng bên phải. Hai người chơi một trò chơi như sau:<br />
- Chỉ được di chuyên con hậu theo 1 trong 2 hướng sau:<br />
<img alt="" height="337" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2020_07/ban-co.jpg" width="500" /><br />
- Số ô của một bước đi không hạn chế.<br />
- Hai người thay phiên nhau đi như trên.<br />
- Người nào đến lượt mình đi nhưng không đi được nữa thì thua.<br />
Hãy viết chương trình để máy và người chơi trò chơi trên với khả năng thắng của máy là lớn nhất.<br />
<b><i>■ Hướng dẫn:</i></b><br />
Ta lập bảng phương án cho biết các điểm thua (đánh số 0) và các điểm thắng (đánh số 1) trên bàn cờ. <br />
<b><i><u>Ví dụ:</u></i></b><br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
<br />
Chiến lược chơi của máy là khi đi:<br />
• Nếu đang ở điểm 0 thì đi tới điểm 1 ngay bên dưới.<br />
• Nếu đang ở điểm 1 thì đi tới điểm 0 duy nhất có thể tới<br />
Cách đánh số một điểm như sau:<br />
• Điểm dưới cùng bên trái là 0<br />
• Các điểm màu từ đó đến được điểm 0 là điểm 1.<br />
• Các điểm nào từ đó không đến được điểm 0 nào là điểm 0<br />
- Sau đây là các procedure tạo ra bảng phương án:<br />
{$R+}<br />
USES CRT;<br />
CONST max=21;<br />
type BOOL=0..1;<br />
VAR a: array&#91;-1..max+2,-l..max+2&#93; of 0..1;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I,j,t,l,k,s : integer;<br />
FUNCTION VITRI : bool;<br />
BEGIN<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vitri : = 0;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for k : = 1 to j do<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if a&#91;k,1&#93; = 0 then vitri : = 1;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for k: = 1 to do<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if a&#91;k,1&#93; = 0 then vitri : = 1;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; s : = j;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if 1 &lt; j then s : = 1;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for k: = 1 to s-1 do<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if a&#91;j-k,1-k&#93;=o then vitri : = 1;<br />
END;<br />
PROCEDURE INIT;<br />
BEGIN<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; fillchar(a,sizeof(a),1);<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for i : = -1 to max + 2 do<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; begin<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&#91;i,0&#93; : = 0;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&#91;i,-1&#93; : = 0;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&#91;0,i&#93; : = 0;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&#91;-1,i&#93;: = 0;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&#91;i,max+1&#93; : = 0; <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&#91;i,max+2&#93; : = 0;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&#91;max+1,i&#93; : = 0;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&#91;max+2,i&#93; : = 0;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; end;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&#91;1,1&#93; : = 0;<br />
END;<br />
PROCEDURE LAPBANG;<br />
BEGIN<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; init;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for i : = 3 to (max+max+1) do<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; begin<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if i&lt;max then t : = i<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else t : = max+1;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for j : = 1 to (t-1) do<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; begin<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1: = i j;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if (1&lt;=max) then<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&#91;j,1&#93;: = vitri;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; end;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; end;<br />
END;<br />
procedure xuat;<br />
begin<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; clrsr;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for i: = 1 to max do<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for j: = 1 to max do<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; begin<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; gotoxy(j * 2,25-i) ; write(a&#91;i,j&#93;;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; end;<br />
end;<br />
BEGIN<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lapbang;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; XUAT;<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; readln;<br />
END.
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