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		<h1>Giải Sách bài tập Toán 6 chương 2 bài 12&#x3A; Tính chất của phép nhân - Luyện tập</h1>
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			<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>134. Thực hiện các phép tính:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-23).(-3).(+4).(-7)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 2.8.(-14).(-3)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-23).(-3).(+4).(-7) = &#91;(-23).(-3)&#93;.&#91;(+4).(-7)&#93; = 69.(-28) = -1932</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 2.8.(-14).(-3) = (2.8).&#91;(-14).(-3)&#93; = 16.42 = 672</span></span></span><br  />
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<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>135. Thay một thừa số bằng tổng để tính:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-53).21</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 45.(-12)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-53).21 = -53.(20 + 1) = (-53).20 + (-53).l</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">= -1060 + (-53) = -1113</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 45.(-12) = 45.&#91;(-10) + (-2)&#93; = 45.(-10) + 45.(-2)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">= -450 + (-90) = -540</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>136. Tính:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (26 - 6).(-4) + 31.(-7 - 13)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. (-18).(55 - 24) - 28.(44 - 68)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (26 - 6).(-4) + 31.(-7 - 13) = 20.(-4) + 31.(-20)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">= -80 + (-620) = -700</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. (-18).(55 - 24) - 28.(44 - 68) = (-18).31 - 28.(-24)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">= -558 + 672 = 114</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>137. Tính nhanh:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-4).(+3).(-125).(+25).(-8)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. (-67).(1 - 301) - 301.67</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-4).(+3).(-125).(+25).(-8) = (+3).&#91;(-4).(+25)&#93;.&#91;(-8).(-125)&#93;</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">= 3.(-100).1000 = -300000</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. (-67).(1 - 301) - 301.67 = (-67).l + 67.301 - 67.301 = -67</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>138. Viết các tích sau thành dạng lũy thừa của một số nguyên:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-7) (-7).(-7).(-7).(-7).(-7)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. (-4).(-4).(-4).(-5).(-5).(-5)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-7).(-7).(-7).(-7).(-7).(-7) = (-7)<sup>6</sup></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. (-4).(-4).(-4).(-5).(-5).(-5) = (-4)<sup>3</sup>.(-5)<sup>3</sup> = (-4).(-5)<sup>3</sup> = 20<sup>3</sup></span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>139. Ta sẽ nhận được số dương hay số âm nếu nhân:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>a. Một số âm và hai số dương. </b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>b. Hai số âm và một số dương.</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>c. Hai số âm và hai số dương. </b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>d. Ba số âm và một số dương.</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>e. Hai mươi số âm và một số dương.</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. Một số âm vì trong tích có số lẻ thừa số âm.</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. Một số dương vì trong tích có số chẵn thừa số âm.</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">c. Một số dương vì trong tích có số chẵn thừa số âm.</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">d. Một số âm vì trong tích có số lẻ thừa số âm.</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">e. Một số dương vì trong tích có số chẵn thừa số âm.</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>140. Tính: (-1).(-2).(-3).(-4).(-5).(-6).(-7).</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">(-l).(-2).(-3).(-4).(-5).(-6).(-7) = -(1.2.3.4.5.6.7) = -7! = -5040</span></span></span><br  />
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<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>141. Viết các tích sau thành dạng lũy thừa của một số nguyên:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-8).(-3)3 (+125) b. 27.(-2)3.(-7).(+49)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-8).(-3)<sup>3</sup>.(+125) = &#91;(-2).(-2).(-2)&#93;.&#91;(-3).(-3).(-3)&#93;.(5.5.5)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">= &#91;(-2) (-3).5&#93;.&#91;(-2).(-3).5&#93;.&#91;(-2).(-3).5&#93; = 30.30.30 = 30<sup>3</sup></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 27.(-2)<sup>3</sup>.(-7).(+49) = (3.3.3).&#91;(-2).(-2).(-2)&#93;.&#91;(-7).(-7).(-7)&#93;</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">= &#91;3.(-2).(-7)&#93;.&#91;3.(-2).(-7)&#93;.&#91;3.(-2).(-7)&#93; = 42.42.42 = 42<sup>3</sup></span></span></span></div>

<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>LUYỆN TẬP</b></span></span></span></div>

<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>142. Tính:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. 125.(-24) + 24.225</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 26.(-125) - 125.(-36)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. 125.(-24) + 24.225 = 24.(-125 + 225) = 24.100 = 2400</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 26.(-125) – 125.(-36) = -125.&#91;26 + (-36)&#93; = (-125).(-10) = 1250</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>143. So sánh:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-3).1574.(-7).(-11).(-10) với 0</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 25 - (-37).(-29).(-154).2 với 0</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. Vì tích (-3).1574.(-7).(-11).(-10) có bốn thừa số âm nên tích đó là một số dương. Do vậy (-3).1574.(-7).(-11).(-10) &gt; 0.</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. Ta có: (-37).(-29).(-154).2 = -(37.29.154.2) (vì tích có số lẻ thừa số âm)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Suy ra: 25 - (-37).(-29).(-154).2 = 25 - &#91;-(37.29.154.2)&#93;</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = 25 + (37.29.154.2) &gt; 0</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Vậy 25 - (-37).(-29).(-154).2 &gt; 0</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>144. Tính giá trị của biểu thức:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. (-75).(-27).(-x), với x = 4</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 1.2.3.4.5.a, với a = -10</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>Giải:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. Với x = 4 ta có: (-75).(-27).(-x) = (-75).(-27).(-4)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">= &#91;(-75).(-4)&#93;.(-27) = 300.(-27) = -8100</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. Với a = -10 ta có: 1.2.3.4.5.a = 1.2.3.4.5.(-10)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">= 5!.(-10) = 120.(-10) = -1200</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>145. Áp dụng tính chất a.(b - c) = a.b - a.c để điền số thích hợp vào ô trống:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<img alt="sbt toan 6 chuong 2 bai 9 cau 145" height="209" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2019_10/sbt-toan-6-chuong-2-bai-9-cau-145.jpg" width="500" /><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>146. Giá trị của tích 2.a.b<sup>2</sup> với a = 4 và b = -6 là số nào trong bốn đáp số A, B, C, D dưới đây:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">A. -288</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">B. 288</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">C. 144</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">D. -144 </span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Với a = 4 và b = -6 thì 2.a.b<sup>2</sup> = 2.4.(-6)<sup>2</sup> = 8.36 = 288</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Vậy chọn đáp án B.</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>147. Tìm hai số tiếp theo của mỗi dãy số sau:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. -2, 4, -8, 16,... (mỗi số hạng sau là tích của số hạng trước với -2)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 5, -25, 125, -625, ... (mỗi số hạng sau là tích của số hạng trước với -5)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. -2, 4, -8, 16, -32, 64 (mỗi số hạng sau là tích của số hạng trước với -2)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. 5, -25, 125, -625, 3125, -15625 (mỗi số hạng sau là tích của số hạng trước với -5)</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>148. Cho a = -7, b = 4. Tính giá trị của các biểu thức sau:</b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. a<sup>2</sup> + 2.a.b + b<sup>2</sup> và (a + b).(a + b)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. a<sup>2</sup> - b<sup>2</sup> và (a + b).(a - b)</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><i><u>Giải:</u></i></b></span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Với a = -7, b = 4, ta có:</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a. a<sup>2</sup> + 2.a.b + b<sup>2</sup> = (-7)<sup>2</sup> + 2.(-7).4 + 4<sup>2</sup> = 49 - 56 + 16 = 9</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp; (a + b).(a + b) = &#91;(-7) + 4&#93;.&#91;(-7) + 4&#93; = (-3).(-3) = 9</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b. a<sup>2</sup> - b<sup>2</sup> = (-7)<sup>2</sup> - 42 = 49 - 16 = 33</span></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp; (a + b).(a - b) = &#91;(-7) + 4&#93;.&#91;(-7) - 4&#93; = (-3).(-11) = 33</span></span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>149. Điền số thích hợp vào ô vuông:<br  />
<img alt="sbt toan 6 chuong 2 bai 9 cau 149" height="211" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2019_10/sbt-toan-6-chuong-2-bai-9-cau-149.jpg" width="500" /></b></span></span></span></div>
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