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		<h1>Giải Toán 8 sách Kết nối Tri Thức, bài 4&#x3A; Phép nhân đa thức</h1>
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			Giải Toán 8 sách Kết nối Tri Thức, bài 4: Phép nhân đa thức - Trang 19, 20, 21.
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			<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;1. Nhân đơn thức với đa thức</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>Luyện tập 1 trang 19:&nbsp;Nhân hai đơn thức:</strong></em><br />
a) 3x<sup>2</sup> và 2x<sup>3</sup>;<br />
b) –xy và 4z<sup>3</sup>;<br />
c) 6xy<sup>3</sup> và –0,5x<sup>2</sup>.<br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
a) 3x<sup>2</sup> . 2x<sup>3</sup> = (3. 2)(x<sup>2</sup> . x<sup>3</sup>) = 6x<sup>5</sup>;<br />
b) –xy . 4z<sup>3</sup> = –4xyz3;<br />
c) 6xy<sup>3</sup> . (–0,5x<sup>2</sup>) = &#91;6 . (–0,5)&#93; (x . x<sup>2</sup>) y<sup>3</sup> = –3x<sup>3</sup>y<sup>3</sup><br />
<br />
<em><strong>Hoạt động 1 trang 19:&nbsp;Hãy nhớ lại quy tắc nhân đơn thức với đa thức trong trường hợp chúng có một biến bằng cách thực hiện phép nhân (5x<sup>2</sup>) . (3x<sup>2</sup> – x – 4).</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Ta có (5x<sup>2</sup>) . (3x<sup>2</sup> – x – 4) = 5x<sup>2</sup> . 3x<sup>2</sup> – 5x<sup>2</sup> . x – 5x<sup>2</sup> . 4<br />
= 15x<sup>4</sup> – 5x<sup>3</sup> – 20x<sup>2</sup>.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Hoạt động 2 trang 20:&nbsp;Bằng cách tương tự, hãy làm phép nhân (5x<sup>2</sup>y) . (3x<sup>2</sup>y – xy – 4y).</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Ta có (5x<sup>2</sup>y) . (3x<sup>2</sup>y – xy – 4y)<br />
= 5x<sup>2</sup>y . 3x<sup>2</sup>y – 5x<sup>2</sup>y . xy – 5x<sup>2</sup>y . 4y<br />
= (5.3)(x<sup>2</sup>.x<sup>2</sup>)(y.y) – 5(x<sup>2</sup>.x)(y.y) – (5.4)x<sup>2</sup>(y.y)<br />
= 15x<sup>4</sup>y<sup>2</sup> – 5x<sup>3</sup>y<sup>2</sup> – 20x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup>.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Luyện tập 2 trang 20:&nbsp;Làm tính nhân:</strong></em><br />
a) (xy) . (x<sup>2</sup> + xy – y<sup>2</sup>);<br />
b) (xy + yz + zx) . (–xyz).<br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
a) (xy) . (x<sup>2</sup> + xy – y<sup>2</sup>) = xy . x<sup>2</sup> + xy . xy – xy . y<sup>2</sup><br />
= x<sup>3</sup>y + x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup> – xy<sup>3</sup>.<br />
b) (xy + yz + zx) . (–xyz) = xy . (–xyz) + yz . (–xyz) + zx . (–xyz)<br />
= –x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup>z – xy<sup>2</sup>z<sup>2</sup> – x<sup>2</sup>yz<sup>2</sup>.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Vận dụng trang 20:&nbsp;Rút gọn biểu thức x<sup>3</sup>(x + y) – x(x<sup>3</sup> + y<sup>3</sup>).</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Ta có x<sup>3</sup>(x + y) – x(x<sup>3</sup> + y<sup>3</sup>) = x<sup>3</sup> . x + x<sup>3</sup> . y – x . x<sup>3</sup> – x . y<sup>3</sup><br />
= x<sup>4</sup> + x<sup>3</sup>y – x<sup>4</sup> – xy<sup>3</sup> = x<sup>3</sup>y – xy<sup>3</sup>.<br />
&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>2. Nhân đa thức với đa thức</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>Hoạt động 3 trang 20:&nbsp;Hãy nhớ lại quy tắc nhân hai đa thức một biến bằng cách thực hiện phép nhân: (2x + 3) . (x<sup>2</sup> – 5x + 4).</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Ta có (2x + 3) . (x<sup>2</sup> – 5x + 4)<br />
= 2x . x<sup>2</sup> – 2x . 5x + 2x . 4 + 3 . x<sup>2</sup> – 3 . 5x + 3 . 4<br />
= 2x<sup>3</sup> – 10x<sup>2</sup> + 8x + 3x<sup>2</sup> – 15x + 12<br />
= 2x<sup>3</sup> + (3x<sup>2</sup> – 10x<sup>2</sup>) + (8x – 15x) + 12<br />
= 2x<sup>3</sup> – 7x<sup>2</sup> – 7x + 12.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Hoạt động 4 trang 20:&nbsp;Bằng cách tương tự, hãy thử làm phép nhân &nbsp;(2x + 3y) . (x<sup>2</sup> – 5xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>).</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Ta có (2x + 3y) . (x<sup>2</sup> – 5xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>)<br />
= 2x . x<sup>2</sup> – 2x . 5xy + 2x . 4y<sup>2</sup> + 3y . x<sup>2</sup> – 3y . 5xy + 3y . 4y<sup>2</sup><br />
= 2x<sup>3</sup> – 10x<sup>2</sup>y + 8xy<sup>2</sup> + 3x<sup>2</sup>y – 15xy<sup>2</sup> + 12y<sup>3</sup><br />
= 2x<sup>3</sup> + 12y<sup>3</sup> + (3x<sup>2</sup>y – 10x<sup>2</sup>y) + (8xy<sup>2</sup> – 15xy<sup>2</sup>)<br />
= 2x<sup>3</sup> + 12y<sup>3</sup> – 7x<sup>2</sup>y – 7xy<sup>2</sup>.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Luyện tập 3 trang 21:&nbsp;Thực hiện phép nhân:</strong></em><br />
a) (2x + y)(4x2 – 2xy + y<sup>2</sup>);<br />
b) (x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup> – 3)(3 + x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup>).<br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
a) (2x + y)(4x<sup>2</sup> – 2xy + y<sup>2</sup>)<br />
= 2x . 4x<sup>2</sup> – 2x . 2xy + 2x . y<sup>2</sup> + y . 4x<sup>2</sup> – y . 2xy + y . y<sup>2</sup><br />
= 8x<sup>3</sup> – 4x<sup>2</sup>y + 2xy<sup>2</sup> + 4x<sup>2</sup>y – 2xy<sup>2</sup> + y<sup>3</sup><br />
= 8x<sup>3</sup> + (4x<sup>2</sup>y – 4x<sup>2</sup>y) + (2xy<sup>2</sup> – 2xy<sup>2</sup>) + y<sup>3</sup><br />
= 8x<sup>3</sup> + y<sup>3</sup>.<br />
<br />
b) (x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup> – 3)(3 + x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup>) = x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup> . 3 + x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup> . x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup> – 3 . 3 – 3 . x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup><br />
= 3x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup> + x<sup>4</sup>y<sup>4</sup> – 9 – 3x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2</sup> = x<sup>4</sup>y<sup>4</sup> – 9.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Thử thách nhỏ trang 21: Xét biểu thức đại số với hai biến k và m sau:&nbsp;</strong></em><em><strong>P = (2k – 3)(3m – 2) – (3k – 2)(2m – 3).<br />
a) Rút gọn biểu thức P.<br />
b) Chứng minh rằng tại mọi giá trị nguyên của k và m, giá trị của biểu thức P luôn là một số nguyên chia hết cho 5.</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
a) P = (2k – 3)(3m – 2) – (3k – 2)(2m – 3)<br />
= (6km – 9m – 4k + 6) – (6km – 4m – 9k + 6)<br />
= 6km – 9m – 4k + 6 – 6km + 4m + 9k – 6<br />
= (6km – 6km) + (4m – 9m) + (9k – 4k) + (6 – 6) = 5k – 5m.<br />
<br />
b) Ta thấy P = 5k – 5m = 5(k – m)<br />
Vì 5 ⋮ 5 nên 5(k – m) ⋮ 5<br />
Do đó, tại mọi giá trị nguyên của k và m, giá trị của biểu thức P luôn là một số nguyên chia hết cho 5.<br />
&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>3. Giải Bài tập trang 21</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>Bài 1.24:&nbsp;Nhân hai đơn thức:</strong></em><br />
a) 5x<sup>2</sup>y và 2xy<sup>2</sup>;<br />
b) <img alt="" height="33" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2023_10/image-20231011144424-1.png" width="8" />&nbsp;xy và 8x<sup>3</sup>y<sup>2</sup>;<br />
c) 1,5xy<sup>2</sup>z<sup>3</sup> và 2x<sup>3</sup>y<sup>2</sup>z.<br />
<br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
a) 5x<sup>2</sup>y . 2xy<sup>2</sup> = (5. 2)(x<sup>2</sup> . x)(y . y<sup>2</sup>) = 10x<sup>3</sup>y<sup>3</sup>;<br />
b) <img alt="" height="33" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2023_10/image-20231011144424-2.png" width="8" />&nbsp;xy . 8x3y<sup>2</sup> = <img alt="" height="35" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2023_10/image-20231011144424-3.png" width="46" />&nbsp;<img alt="" height="24" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2023_10/image-20231011144424-4.png" width="105" />&nbsp;= 6x<sup>4</sup>y<sup>3</sup>;<br />
c) 1,5xy<sup>2</sup>z<sup>3</sup> . 2x<sup>3</sup>y<sup>2</sup>z = (1,5 . 2)(x . x<sup>3</sup>)(y<sup>2</sup> . y<sup>2</sup>)(z . z<sup>3</sup>) = 3x<sup>4</sup>y<sup>4</sup>z<sup>4</sup>.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Bài 1.25:&nbsp;Tìm tích của đơn thức với đa thức:</strong></em><br />
<img alt="giai toan 8 sach kntt bai 4 cau 1 25" height="80" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2023_10/giai-toan-8-sach-kntt-bai-4-cau-1.25.jpg" width="256" /><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
<img alt="giai toan 8 sach kntt bai 4 cau 1 25a" height="185" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2023_10/giai-toan-8-sach-kntt-bai-4-cau-1.25a.jpg" width="500" /><br />
<br />
<em><strong>Bài 1.26:&nbsp;Rút gọn biểu thức x(x<sup>2</sup> – y) – x<sup>2</sup>(x + y) + xy(x – 1).</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Ta có x(x<sup>2</sup> – y) – x<sup>2</sup>(x + y) + xy(x – 1)<br />
= x . x<sup>2</sup> – x . y – x<sup>2</sup> . x – x<sup>2</sup> . y + xy . x – xy . 1<br />
= x<sup>3</sup> – xy – x<sup>3</sup> – x<sup>2</sup>y + x<sup>2</sup>y – xy<br />
= (x<sup>3</sup> – x<sup>3</sup>) + (x<sup>2</sup>y – x<sup>2</sup>y) – (xy + xy) = –2xy.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Bài 1.27:&nbsp;Làm tính nhân:</strong></em><br />
<img alt="giai toan 8 sach kntt bai 4 cau 1 27" height="83" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2023_10/giai-toan-8-sach-kntt-bai-4-cau-1.27.jpg" width="282" /><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
<img alt="giai toan 8 sach kntt bai 4 cau 1 27a" height="327" src="https://sachgiai.com/uploads/news/2023_10/giai-toan-8-sach-kntt-bai-4-cau-1.27a.jpg" width="500" /><br />
<br />
<em><strong>Bài 1.28: Rút gọn biểu thức sau để thấy rằng giá trị của nó không phụ thuộc vào giá trị của &nbsp;biến: (x - 5)(2x + 3) - 2x(x - 3) + x + 7</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Ta có (x – 5)(2x + 3) – 2x(x – 3) + x + 7<br />
= x . 2x + x . 3 – 5 . 2x – 5 . 3 – 2x . x + 2x . 3 + x + 7<br />
= 2x<sup>2</sup> + 3x – 10x – 15 – 2x<sup>2</sup> + 6x + x + 7<br />
= (2x<sup>2</sup> – 2x<sup>2</sup>) + (3x – 10x + 6x + x) + (7 – 15)<br />
= –8.<br />
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức không phụ thuộc vào giá trị của biến x.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Bài 1.29:&nbsp;Chứng minh đẳng thức sau: (2x + y)(2x<sup>2</sup> + xy – y<sup>2</sup>) = (2x – y)(2x<sup>2</sup> + 3xy + y<sup>2</sup>).</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Ta có:<br />
• (2x + y)(2x<sup>2</sup> + xy – y<sup>2</sup>)<br />
= 2x . 2x<sup>2</sup> + 2x . xy – 2x . y<sup>2</sup> + y . 2x<sup>2</sup> + y . xy – y . y<sup>2</sup><br />
= 4x<sup>3</sup> + 2x<sup>2</sup>y – 2xy<sup>2</sup> + 2x<sup>2</sup>y + xy<sup>2</sup> – y<sup>3</sup><br />
= 4x<sup>3</sup> + (2x<sup>2</sup>y + 2x<sup>2</sup>y) + (xy<sup>2</sup> – 2xy<sup>2</sup>) – y<sup>3</sup><br />
= 4x<sup>3</sup> + 4x<sup>2</sup>y – xy<sup>2</sup> – y<sup>3</sup>.<br />
• (2x – y)(2x<sup>2</sup> + 3xy + y<sup>2</sup>)<br />
= 2x . 2x<sup>2</sup> + 2x . 3xy + 2x . y<sup>2</sup> – y . 2x<sup>2</sup> – y . 3xy – y . y<sup>2</sup><br />
= 4x<sup>3</sup> + 6x<sup>2</sup>y + 2xy<sup>2</sup> – 2x<sup>2</sup>y – 3xy<sup>2</sup> – y<sup>3</sup><br />
= 4x<sup>3</sup> + (6x<sup>2</sup>y – 2x<sup>2</sup>y) + (2xy<sup>2</sup> – 3xy<sup>2</sup>) – y<sup>3</sup><br />
= 4x<sup>3</sup> + 4x<sup>2</sup>y – xy<sup>2</sup> – y<sup>3</sup>.<br />
Do đó (2x + y)(2x<sup>2</sup> + xy – y2) = (2x – y)(2x<sup>2</sup> + 3xy + y2) = 4x3 + 4x<sup>2</sup>y – xy<sup>2</sup> – y<sup>3</sup>.<br />
Vậy (2x + y)(2x<sup>2</sup> + xy – y2) = (2x – y)(2x<sup>2</sup> + 3xy + y<sup>2</sup>).</p>
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