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		<h1>Giải Toán 8 sách Kết nối Tri Thức, bài 8&#x3A; Tổng và hiệu hai lập phương</h1>
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			Giải Toán 8 sách Kết nối Tri Thức, bài 8: Tổng và hiệu hai lập phương - Trang 37, 38, 39.
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			<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1. Tổng hai lập phương</strong></h2>

<div style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>Hoạt động 1 trang 37:&nbsp;Với hai số a, b bất kì, thực hiện phép tính (a + b)(a<sup>2</sup> – ab + b<sup>2</sup>). Từ đó rút ra liên hệ giữa a<sup>3</sup> + b<sup>3</sup> và (a + b)(a<sup>2</sup> – ab + b<sup>2</sup>).</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
(a + b)(a<sup>2</sup> – ab + b2) = a . a<sup>2</sup> – a . ab + a . b<sup>2</sup> + b . a<sup>2</sup> – b . ab + b . b<sup>2</sup><br />
= a<sup>3</sup> – a<sup>2</sup>b + ab<sup>2</sup> + a<sup>2</sup>b – ab<sup>2</sup> + b<sup>3</sup><br />
= a<sup>3</sup> + (a<sup>2</sup>b – a<sup>2</sup>b) + (ab<sup>2</sup> – ab<sup>2</sup>) + b<sup>3</sup> = a<sup>3</sup> + b<sup>3</sup>.<br />
Từ đó rút ra: a<sup>3</sup> + b<sup>3</sup> = (a + b)(a<sup>2</sup> – ab + b<sup>2</sup>).<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Luyện tập 1 trang 38:&nbsp;</strong></em><br />
<em>1. Viết x<sup>3</sup> + 27 dưới dạng tích.<br />
2. Rút gọn biểu thức x<sup>3</sup> + 8y<sup>3</sup> – (x + 2y)(x<sup>2</sup> – 2xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>).</em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
1. Ta có x<sup>3</sup> + 27 = x<sup>3</sup> + 3<sup>3</sup> = (x + 3)(x<sup>2</sup> – 3x + 3<sup>2</sup>) = (x + 3)(x<sup>2</sup> – 3x + 9).<br />
Vậy x<sup>3</sup> + 27 = (x + 3)(x<sup>2</sup> – 3x + 9).<br />
2. Ta có x<sup>3</sup> + 8y<sup>3</sup> – (x + 2y)(x2 – 2xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>)<br />
= x<sup>3</sup> + 8y<sup>3</sup> – &#91;x<sup>3</sup> + (2y)3&#93;<br />
= x<sup>3</sup> + 8y<sup>3</sup> – (x<sup>3</sup> + 8y3)<br />
= x<sup>3</sup> + 8y<sup>3</sup> – x<sup>3</sup> – 8y<sup>3</sup> = 0.<br />
&nbsp;</div>

<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>2. Hiệu hai lập phương</strong></h2>

<div style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>Hoạt động 2 trang 38:&nbsp;Với hai số bất kì, viết a<sup>3</sup> – b<sup>3</sup> = a<sup>3</sup> + (–b)<sup>3</sup> và sử dụng hằng đẳng thức tổng hai lập phương để tính a<sup>3</sup> + (–b)<sup>3</sup>. Từ đó rút ra liên hệ giữa a<sup>3</sup> – b<sup>3</sup> và (a – b)(a<sup>2</sup> + ab + b<sup>2</sup>).</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Ta có a<sup>3</sup> – b<sup>3</sup> = a3 + (–b)<sup>3</sup> = &#91;a + (–b)&#93;&#91;a<sup>2</sup> – a . (–b) + (–b)<sup>2</sup>&#93;<br />
= (a – b)(a<sup>2</sup> + ab + b<sup>2</sup>).<br />
Từ đó rút ra: a<sup>3</sup> – b<sup>3</sup> = (a – b)(a<sup>2</sup> + ab + b<sup>2</sup>).<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Luyện tập 2 trang 39:</strong></em><br />
<em>a. Viết đa thức x<sup>3</sup> – 8 dưới dạng tích.<br />
b. Rút gọn biểu thức (3x – 2y)(9x<sup>2</sup> + 6xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>) + 8y<sup>3</sup>.</em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
a. Ta có x<sup>3</sup> – 8 = x<sup>3</sup> – 2<sup>3</sup> = (x – 2)(x<sup>3</sup> + 2x + 2<sup>3</sup>) = (x – 2)(x<sup>3</sup> + 2x + 4).<br />
Vậy x<sup>3</sup> – 8 = (x – 2)(x<sup>3</sup> + 2x + 4).<br />
b. Ta có (3x – 2y)(9x<sup>3</sup> + 6xy + 4y<sup>3</sup>) + 8y<sup>3</sup><br />
= (3x – 2y)&#91;(3x)<sup>3</sup> + 3x . 2y + (2y)<sup>3</sup>&#93; + 8y<sup>3</sup><br />
= (3x)<sup>3</sup> – (2y)<sup>3</sup> + 8y<sup>3</sup><br />
= 27x<sup>3</sup> – 8y<sup>3</sup> + 8y<sup>3</sup> = 27x<sup>3</sup>.<br />
Vậy (3x – 2y)(9x<sup>2</sup> + 6xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>) + 8y<sup>3</sup> = 27x<sup>3</sup>.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Vận dụng trang 39:&nbsp;Giải quyết tình huống mở đầu.</strong></em><br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
Tròn đã áp dụng công thức tổng của hai lập phương để đưa về dạng tích như sau:<br />
x<sup>6</sup> + y<sup>6</sup> = (x<sup>2</sup>)<sup>3</sup> + (y<sup>2</sup>)<sup>3</sup><br />
= (x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>)&#91;(x<sup>2</sup>)<sup>2</sup> - x<sup>2</sup>.y<sup>2</sup> + (y<sup>2</sup>)<sup>2</sup> &#93;<br />
= (x<sup>2</sup> + y<sup>2</sup>)(x<sup>4&nbsp;</sup>- x<sup>2</sup>y<sup>2&nbsp;</sup>+ y<sup>4</sup>).<br />
&nbsp;</div>

<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>3. Giải bài tập trang 39:</strong></h2>

<div style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong>Bài 2.12:&nbsp;Viết các biểu thức sau dưới dạng tổng hay hiệu của hai lập phương</strong></em><br />
a) (x + 4)(x<sup>2</sup> – 4x + 16);<br />
b) (4x<sup>2</sup> + 2xy + y<sup>2</sup>)(2x – y).<br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
a) (x + 4)(x<sup>2</sup> – 4x + 16)<br />
= (x + 4)(x<sup>2</sup> – x . 4 + 4<sup>2</sup>)<br />
= x<sup>3</sup> + 4<sup>3</sup> = x<sup>3</sup> + 64;<br />
b) (4x<sup>2</sup> + 2xy + y<sup>2</sup>)(2x – y) = (2x – y)&#91;(2x)<sup>2</sup> + 2xy + y<sup>2</sup>&#93;<br />
= (2x)<sup>3</sup> – y<sup>3</sup> = 8x<sup>3</sup> – y<sup>3</sup>.<br />
<br />
<strong>Bài 2.13:&nbsp;Thay ? bằng biểu thức thích hợp</strong><br />
a) x<sup>3</sup> + 512 = (x+8)(x<sup>2</sup> - <b>?</b> + 64);<br />
b) 27x<sup>3</sup> - 8y<sup>3</sup> = (<b>?</b> - 2y)( <b>?</b> + 6xy + 4y2).<br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
a) Ta có x<sup>3</sup> + 512 = x<sup>3</sup> + 8<sup>3</sup> = (x + 8)(x<sup>2</sup> – 8x + 8<sup>2</sup>)<br />
= (x + 8)(x<sup>2</sup> – 8x + 64).<br />
Vậy ta điền như sau x<sup>3</sup> + 512 = (x + 8)(x<sup>2</sup> – <b>8x</b> + 64) ;<br />
<br />
b) Ta có 27x<sup>3</sup> – 8y<sup>3</sup> = (3x)<sup>3</sup> – (2y)<sup>3</sup> = (3x – 2y)&#91;(3x)<sup>2</sup> + 3x . 2y + (2y)<sup>2</sup>&#93;<br />
= (3x – 2y)(9x<sup>2</sup> + 6xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>).<br />
Vậy ta điền như sau 27x<sup>3</sup> – 8y<sup>3</sup> = (<b>3x</b> – 2y)&#91;<b>9x<sup>2</sup></b> + 6xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>&#93;.<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Bài 2.14:&nbsp;Viết các đa thức sau dưới dạng tích:</strong></em><br />
a) 27x<sup>3</sup> + y<sup>3</sup>;<br />
b) x<sup>3</sup> – 8y<sup>3</sup>.<br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
a) 27x<sup>3</sup> + y<sup>3</sup> = (3x)<sup>3</sup> + y<sup>3</sup> = (3x + y)&#91;(3x)2 – 3x . y + y2&#93;<br />
= (3x + y)(9x<sup>2</sup> – 3xy + y2).<br />
b) x<sup>3</sup> – 8y<sup>3</sup> = x<sup>3</sup> – (2y)<sup>3</sup><br />
= (x – 2y)&#91;x<sup>2</sup> + x . 2y + (2y)<sup>2</sup>&#93;<br />
= (x – 2y)(x<sup>2</sup> + 2xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>).<br />
<br />
<em><strong>Bài 2.15:&nbsp;Rút gọn biểu thức sau:</strong></em><br />
(x – 2y)(x<sup>2</sup> + 2xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>) + (x + 2y)(x<sup>2</sup> – 2xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>).<br />
<u><em><strong>Giải:</strong></em></u><br />
(x – 2y)(x<sup>2</sup> + 2xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>) + (x + 2y)(x<sup>2</sup> – 2xy + 4y<sup>2</sup>)<br />
= x<sup>3</sup> – (2y)<sup>3</sup> + x<sup>3</sup> + (2y)<sup>3</sup><br />
= (x<sup>3</sup> + x<sup>3</sup>) + &#91;(2y)<sup>3</sup> – (2y)<sup>3</sup>&#93;<br />
= x<sup>3</sup> + x<sup>3</sup> = 2x<sup>3</sup>.</div>
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